Suggested magnetic braking prescription derived from field complexity fails to reproduce the cataclysmic variable orbital period gap

TL;DR

This study tests a magnetic braking model based on field complexity in CV evolution simulations and finds it fails to reproduce key observed features like the period gap and donor star bloating.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed CV evolution modeling using a magnetic braking law based on magnetic field complexity, revealing its inadequacy in explaining observed CV properties.

Findings

The magnetic braking prescription based on field complexity does not produce the observed period gap.

Predicted secondary star radii are smaller than observed, indicating insufficient donor star bloating.

The model fails to generate the extended detached phase necessary to explain the period gap.

Abstract

Magnetic wind braking drives the spin-down of low-mass stars and the evolution of most interacting binary stars. A magnetic braking prescription that was claimed to reproduce both the period distribution of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and the evolution of the rotation rates of low-mass stars is based on a relation between the angular momentum loss rate and magnetic field complexity. The magnetic braking model based on field complexity has been claimed to predict a detached phase that could explain the observed period gap in the period distribution of CVs but has never been tested in detailed models of CV evolution. Here we fill this gap. We incorporated the suggested magnetic braking law in MESA and simulated the evolution of CVs for different initial stellar masses and initial orbital periods. We find that the prescription for magnetic braking based on field complexity fails to reproduce observations of CVs. The predicted secondary star radii are smaller than measured, and an extended detached phase that is required to explain the observed period gap (a dearth of non-magnetic CVs with periods between ${\sim}2$ and ${\sim}3$ hours) is not predicted. Proposed magnetic braking prescriptions based on a relation between the angular momentum loss rate and field complexity are too weak to reproduce the bloating of donor stars in CVs derived from observations and, in contrast to previous claims, do not provide an explanation for the observed period gap. The suggested steep decrease in the angular momentum loss rate does not lead to detachment. Stronger magnetic braking prescriptions and a discontinuity at the fully convective boundary are needed to explain the evolution of close binary stars that contain compact objects. The tension between braking laws derived from the spin-down of single stars and those required to explain CVs and other close binaries containing compact objects remains.