On-line Anomaly Detection and Qualification of Random Bit Streams

TL;DR

This paper presents an online method for detecting anomalies in true random bit streams using NIST tests and statistical analysis, validated on quantum-based entropy sources to ensure high-quality randomness for security applications.

Contribution

It introduces a real-time anomaly detection and entropy estimation procedure for true random bit streams, implemented in firmware and validated on quantum entropy sources.

Findings

Effective anomaly detection in real-time

Reliable entropy estimation of quantum sources

Validation on silicon-based quantum entropy source

Abstract

Generating random bit streams is required in various applications, most notably cyber-security. Ensuring high-quality and robust randomness is crucial to mitigate risks associated with predictability and system compromise. True random numbers provide the highest unpredictability levels. However, potential biases in the processes exploited for the random number generation must be carefully monitored. This paper reports the implementation and characterization of an on-line procedure for the detection of anomalies in a true random bit stream. It is based on the NIST Adaptive Proportion and Repetition Count tests, complemented by statistical analysis relying on the Monobit and RUNS. The procedure is firmware implemented and performed simultaneously with the bit stream generation, and providing as well an estimate of the entropy of the source. The experimental validation of the approach is performed upon the bit streams generated by a quantum, silicon-based entropy source.