Enhanced Quasiparticle Relaxation in a Superconductor via the Proximity Effect

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that adding a normal metal layer via the proximity effect can significantly enhance quasiparticle relaxation in superconductors, potentially reducing quasiparticle-related decoherence in quantum devices.

Contribution

It introduces a method to increase quasiparticle relaxation rates in superconductors using proximity layers, a novel approach for qubit and circuit applications.

Findings

Normal metal layers significantly reduce quasiparticle charge imbalance.

Proximity effect enhances quasiparticle relaxation in superconductor-normal metal bilayers.

Potential application in preventing quasiparticle poisoning in qubits.

Abstract

Quasiparticle relaxation in pure superconductors is thought to be determined by the intrinsic inelastic scattering rate in the material. In certain applications, i.e. superconducting qubits and circuits, excess quasiparticles exist at densities far beyond the thermal equilibrium level, potentially leading to dephasing and energy loss. In order to engineer superconductors with shorter overall quasiparticle lifetimes, we consider the impact of a proximity layer on the transport of quasiparticles in a superconductor. We find that a normal metal layer can be used to significantly increase the relaxation rate of quasiparticles in a superconductor, as seen by a large reduction in the quasiparticle charge imbalance in a fully proximitized Cu/Al bilayer wire. The mechanism for this effect may be useful for preventing quasiparticle poisoning of qubits using carefully chosen proximity bilayers consisting of clean superconductors and disordered normal metals.