Large-$N$ SU(4) Schwinger boson theory for coupled-dimer antiferromagnets

TL;DR

This paper develops a large-$N$ SU(4) Schwinger boson theory to accurately describe the quantum phase transition in a bilayer square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet, capturing static and dynamic properties with high precision.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic large-$N$ expansion based on SU(4) Schwinger bosons for coupled-dimer antiferromagnets, providing detailed insights into the quantum phase transition.

Findings

Critical coupling $g_c \,\approx 0.42$ matches quantum Monte Carlo results.

Reproduces static and dynamic properties of the system accurately.

Identifies the longitudinal mode and magnon decay processes in the ordered phase.

Abstract

We develop a systematic large-$N$ expansion based on the Schwinger boson representation of SU(4) coherent states of dimers for the paradigmatic spin-$1/2$ bilayer square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. This system exhibits a quantum phase transition between a quantum paramagnetic state and a N\'eel order state, driven by the coupling constant $g = J'/J$, which is defined as the ratio between the inter-dimer $J'$ and intra-dimer $J$ exchange interactions. We demonstrate that this approach accurately describes static and dynamic properties on both sides of the quantum phase transition. The critical coupling constant $g_c \approx 0.42$ and the dynamic spin structure factor reproduce quantum Monte Carlo results with high precision. Notably, the $1/N$ corrections reveal the longitudinal mode of the magnetically ordered phase along with the overdamping caused by its decay into the two-magnon continuum. The present large-$N$ $SU(N)$ Schwinger boson theory can be extended to more general cases of quantum paramagnets that undergo a quantum phase transition into magnetically ordered states.