Time-dependent dynamics in the confined lattice Lorentz gas

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the non-equilibrium dynamics of a tracer particle in a confined disordered medium, revealing how confinement and driving influence diffusion, velocity correlations, and anomalous superdiffusive behavior, supported by analytical and simulation results.

Contribution

It provides exact analytical results for the lattice Lorentz gas under confinement, highlighting the effects of obstacles, force, and geometry on transport properties and fluctuations.

Findings

Dimensional crossover in equilibrium velocity autocorrelation.

Confinement modifies the force-dependent diffusion coefficient.

Superdiffusive behavior persists under confinement.

Abstract

We study a lattice model describing the non-equilibrium dynamics emerging from the pulling of a tracer particle through a disordered medium occupied by randomly placed obstacles. The model is considered in a restricted geometry pertinent for the investigation of confinement-induced effects. We analytically derive exact results for the characteristic function of the moments valid to first order in the obstacle density. By calculating the velocity autocorrelation function and its long-time tail we find that already in equilibrium the system exhibits a dimensional crossover. This picture is further confirmed by the approach of the drift velocity to its terminal value attained in the non-equilibrium stationary state. At large times the diffusion coefficient is affected by both the driving and confinement in a way that we quantify analytically. The force-induced diffusion coefficient depends sensitively on the presence of confinement. The latter is able to modify qualitatively the non-analytic behavior in the force observed for the unbounded model. We then examine the fluctuations of the tracer particle along the driving force. We show that in the intermediate regime superdiffusive anomalous behavior persists even in the presence of confinement. Stochastic simulations are employed in order to test the validity of the analytic results, exact to first order in the obstacle density and valid for arbitrary force and confinement.