Dual balanced readout for scattered light noise mitigation in Michelson interferometers

TL;DR

This paper presents an experimental technique using dual balanced homodyne detection to significantly reduce scattered light noise in Michelson interferometers, potentially enhancing gravitational wave detector sensitivity.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel dual balanced homodyne detection scheme for scattered light noise mitigation in Michelson interferometers, demonstrating a 13.2 dB noise reduction.

Findings

Achieved 13.2 dB noise reduction in scattered light noise

The scheme's limitation is due to noise couplings, not the fundamental suppression limit

Discussed challenges and potential improvements for complex interferometer topologies

Abstract

Ground-based gravitational wave detectors use laser interferometry to detect the minuscule distance change between test masses caused by gravitational waves. Stray light that scatters back into the interferometer causes transient signals that can cover the same frequency range as a potential gravitational wave signal. Scattered light noise is a potentially limiting factor in current and future detectors thus making it relevant to find new ways to mitigate it. Here, we demonstrate experimentally a technique for the subtraction of scattered light noise from the displacement readout of a Michelson interferometer. It is based on using a balanced homodyne detector at both the symmetric and the antisymmetric port. While we have been able to demonstrate a noise reduction of \SI{13.2}{\decibel}, the readout scheme seems to be only limited by the associated noise couplings, with no theoretical limit to the scattered light suppression itself other than shot noise. We also discuss challenges for using the dual balanced homodyne detection scheme in more complex interferometer topologies, which could lead to improvements in scattered light noise mitigation of gravitational wave detectors.