Hydrodynamic thinning of a coating film induced by a small solid defect: evidence of a time-minimum thickness

TL;DR

This study investigates the formation and healing of a defect-induced groove in a coating film, revealing a time-minimum thickness and the role of intermolecular forces in defect saturation, with implications for industrial coating quality.

Contribution

We develop scaling laws predicting the minimum thickness and healing time of defects in coating films, integrating geometric analysis with thin film equations and intermolecular forces.

Findings

Identification of a time-minimum thickness in defect healing.

Scaling laws predicting minimum thickness and healing time.

Intermolecular forces cause defect saturation below a critical initial thickness.

Abstract

During coating processes, dust deposition can lead to an uneven thickness in the resulting film, posing significant problems in industrial processes. Our study explores the effects of solid defects using a vertical cylindrical fiber deposited on a silicone oil film coating a horizontal solid substrate. We use a hyperspectral camera to measure the film thickness by interferometry in the vicinity of the defect. As predicted and observed in many studies in various geometries, a circular groove appears around the fiber because of the capillary suction induced by the meniscus that grows at the bottom of the fiber. We measure the evolution of the thickness of the film at the groove over time. The thickness decreases before increasing again leading to the healing of the perturbation at long time. We propose that healing is due to the arrest of the suction when the meniscus reaches its equilibrium shape. By combining geometric analysis with the thin film equation, we have developed scaling laws that predict both the minimum thickness of the groove, that we call the time-minimum thickness, and the time required to reach this minimum. If the time-minimum thickness reaches the thickness at which intermolecular forces begin to play a role prior to healing, the thickness of the groove will stop decreasing and saturate due to the competition between drainage and repulsive intermolecular forces. Based on the previous scaling law, we developed a scaling law accounting for the critical initial thickness of the film below which the intermolecular repulsion will start to have an effect, which is in good agreement with our experiments. These results thus offer valuable insights into predicting and preventing defects in coating processes, thereby improving the quality and reliability of coated products in various industries.