On the Optimal Performance of Distributed Cell-Free Massive MIMO with LoS Propagation

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the performance of distributed beamforming in dense cell-free massive MIMO systems with LoS propagation, demonstrating that the optimal TMMSE technique can significantly improve distributed architecture performance.

Contribution

It introduces and evaluates the TMMSE beamforming method, showing its potential to close the performance gap between centralized and distributed systems in LoS scenarios.

Findings

TMMSE outperforms suboptimal beamforming methods in LoS conditions.

Distributed architectures with TMMSE can approach centralized system performance.

Strong LoS paths amplify the benefits of optimal beamforming techniques.

Abstract

In this study, we revisit the performance analysis of distributed beamforming architectures in dense user-centric cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems in line-of-sight (LoS) scenarios. By incorporating a recently developed optimal distributed beamforming technique, called the team minimum mean square error (TMMSE) technique, we depart from previous studies that rely on suboptimal distributed beamforming approaches for LoS scenarios. Supported by extensive numerical simulations that follow 3GPP guidelines, we show that such suboptimal approaches may often lead to significant underestimation of the capabilities of distributed architectures, particularly in the presence of strong LoS paths. Considering the anticipated ultra-dense nature of cell-free mMIMO networks and the consequential high likelihood of strong LoS paths, our findings reveal that the team MMSE technique may significantly contribute in narrowing the performance gap between centralized and distributed architectures.