Relative evolution of eclipsing binaries: A tool to measure globular cluster ages and He abundances

TL;DR

This study proposes a differential method using eclipsing binaries near the turnoff point in globular clusters to more accurately determine their ages and helium abundances, reducing model dependence and systematic uncertainties.

Contribution

The paper introduces a differential analysis approach for eclipsing binaries to improve constraints on globular cluster ages and helium content, demonstrating its advantages over traditional absolute methods.

Findings

Differential approach yields age and He estimates consistent with literature.

Method reduces model dependence and sensitivity to [Fe/H].

Larger uncertainties in similar stars, smaller when components differ more.

Abstract

Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest objects in the Universe for which an age can be directly measured, thus playing an important cosmological role. This age, on the other hand, depends sensitively on the He abundance, which cannot be reliably measured from spectroscopy in GC stars. Detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) near the turnoff (TO) point may play an important role in this regard. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility that, by working with differential measurements of stars that comprise a TO binary system, and assuming both stars have the same age and He abundance, one can achieve tighter, more robust, and less model-dependent constraints on the latter two quantities than otherwise possible by working with the absolute parameters of the stars. We compare both absolute and differential parameters of the stars in V69, a TO DEB pair in the GC 47 Tuc, with two different sets of stellar evolutionary tracks, making use of a Monte Carlo technique to estimate its He abundance and age, along with their uncertainties. We find that the relative approach can produce age and He abundance estimates that are in good agreement with those from the literature. We show that our estimates are also less model-dependent, less sensitive to [Fe/H], and more robust to inherent model systematics than those obtained with an absolute approach. On the other hand, the relative analysis finds larger statistical uncertainties than does its absolute counterpart, at least in the case of V69, where both stars have very similar properties. For binary pairs in which one of the components is less evolved than the other, the statistical uncertainty can be reduced. Our study suggests that the method proposed in this work may be useful to robustly constrain the He abundance and ages of GCs.