Four-dimensional phase space tomography from one-dimensional measurements of a hadron beam

TL;DR

This paper presents a method to reconstruct the four-dimensional phase space of a proton beam using one-dimensional measurements, employing entropy maximization to achieve a conservative and accurate inference.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to infer high-dimensional beam phase space from limited measurements using entropy maximization, providing a potential benchmark for accelerator diagnostics.

Findings

Reconstructed phase space matches measured profiles within noise levels.

Simulations show the problem is well-constrained.

Method can serve as a benchmark for beam dynamics simulations.

Abstract

In this paper, we use one-dimensional measurements to infer the four-dimensional phase space density of an accumulated proton beam in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator. The reconstruction was performed by maximizing the distribution's entropy subject to the measurement constraints, and thus represents the most conservative inference from the data. The reconstructed distribution reproduces the measured profiles down to the noise level, and simulations indicate that the problem is reasonably well-constrained. Similar measurements could serve as benchmarks for beam dynamics simulations in the SNS or hadron accelerators.