Numerical Simulation of a Two-Dimensional Blume-Capel Ferromagnet in an Oscillating Magnetic Field with a Constant Bias

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to explore the dynamic behavior of a two-dimensional Blume-Capel ferromagnet under oscillating and bias magnetic fields, revealing non-equilibrium phenomena and crossover mechanisms in magnetization switching.

Contribution

It demonstrates that metamagnetic anomalies observed in kinetic Ising models also occur in the Blume-Capel model, highlighting their generality in spin kinetic systems.

Findings

Identification of hysteretic response in ordered regions.

Observation of symmetrical peaks in susceptibility in disordered regions.

Crossover between single-droplet and multi-droplet switching mechanisms.

Abstract

We perform a numerical study of the kinetic Blume-Capel (BC) model to find if it exhibits the metamagnetic anomalies previously observed in the kinetic Ising model for supercritical periods. We employ a heat-bath Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm on a square lattice in which spins can take values of $\pm 1, 0$, with a non-zero crystal field, subjected to a sinusoidal oscillating field in conjunction with a constant bias. In the ordered region, we find an equivalent hysteretic response of the order parameters with its respective conjugate fields between the kinetic and the equilibrium model. In the disordered region (supercritical periods), we observed two peaks, symmetrical with respect to zero bias, in the susceptibility and scaled variance curves, consistent with the numerical and experimental findings on the kinetic Ising model. This behavior does not have a counterpart in the equilibrium model. Furthermore, we find that the peaks occur at higher values of the bias field and become progressively smaller as the density of zeros, or the amplitude of the oscillating field, increases. Using nucleation theory, we demonstrate that these fluctuations, as in the Ising model, are not a critical phenomenon, but that they are associated with a crossover between a single-droplet (SD) and a multi-droplet (MD) magnetization switching mechanism. For strong (weak) bias, the SD (MD) mechanism dominates. We also found that the zeros concentrate on the droplets' surfaces, which may cause a reduced interface tension in comparison with the Ising model . Our results suggest that metamagnetic anomalies are not particular to the kinetic Ising model, but rather are a general characteristic of spin kinetic models, and provide further evidence that the equivalence between dynamical phase transitions and equilibrium ones is only valid near the critical point.