Shape matters: Inferring the motility of confluent cells from static images

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that static cell shape features can accurately predict individual cell motility states in dense cell layers, aiding understanding of cell dynamics in diseases.

Contribution

It introduces a machine learning approach using shape features to distinguish active and passive cells, even when passive cells exhibit some motility.

Findings

Shape features can predict cell motility with high accuracy.

Neural networks outperform simpler models in classifying motility.

Prediction accuracy remains high when passive cells are less motile.

Abstract

Cell motility in dense cell collectives is pivotal in various diseases like cancer metastasis and asthma. A central aspect in these phenomena is the heterogeneity in cell motility, but identifying the motility of individual cells is challenging. Previous work has established the importance of the average cell shape in predicting cell dynamics. Here, we aim to identify the importance of individual cell shape features, rather than collective features, to distinguish between high-motility (active) and low-motility (passive) cells in heterogeneous cell layers. Employing the Cellular Potts Model, we generate simulation snapshots and extract static features as inputs for a simple machine-learning model. Our results show that when the passive cells are non-motile, this machine-learning model can accurately predict whether a cell is passive or active using only single-cell shape features. Furthermore, we explore scenarios where passive cells also exhibit some degree of motility, albeit less than active cells. In such cases, our findings indicate that a neural network trained on shape features can accurately classify cell motility, particularly when the number of active cells is low, and the motility of active cells is significantly higher compared to passive cells. This work offers potential for physics-inspired predictions of single-cell properties with implications for inferring cell dynamics from static histological images.