Cosmological Stasis from a Single Annihilating Particle Species: Extending Stasis Into the Thermal Domain

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that extended cosmological stasis can occur within thermal environments driven by a single annihilating particle species, expanding the understanding of stasis beyond non-thermal scenarios.

Contribution

It shows that thermal effects enable stasis with just one particle species, extending previous models that required multiple states or non-thermal conditions.

Findings

Stasis can arise in thermal environments with a single annihilating species.

Thermal effects are critical in sustaining the stasis epoch.

No need for large towers of states to achieve stasis.

Abstract

It has recently been shown that extended cosmological epochs can exist during which the abundances associated with different energy components remain constant despite cosmological expansion. Indeed, this "stasis" behavior has been found to arise generically in many BSM theories containing large towers of states, and even serves as a cosmological attractor. However, all previous studies of stasis took place within non-thermal environments, or more specifically within environments in which thermal effects played no essential role in realizing or sustaining the stasis. In this paper, we demonstrate that stasis can emerge and serve as an attractor even within thermal environments, with thermal effects playing a critical role in the stasis dynamics. Moreover, within such environments, we find that no towers of states are needed -- a single state experiencing two-body annihilations will suffice. This work thus extends the stasis phenomenon into the thermal domain and demonstrates that thermal effects can also generally give rise to an extended stasis epoch, even when only a single matter species is involved.