Criterion of singularity formation for radial solutions of the pressureless Euler-Poisson equations in exceptional dimension

TL;DR

This paper investigates the unique behavior of radial solutions to the pressureless Euler-Poisson equations in dimensions 1 and 4, establishing a criterion for singularity formation in the challenging four-dimensional case.

Contribution

It provides the first precise criterion for singularity formation in four-dimensional radial solutions, extending known results from dimension 1.

Findings

Dimension 4 admits a neighborhood of initial data with global smooth solutions.

Dimension 1's singularity criterion is well-understood and exact.

The paper closes the gap by establishing a similar criterion for dimension 4.

Abstract

The spatial dimensions 1 and 4 play an exceptional role for radial solutions of the pressureless repulsive Euler-Poisson equations. Namely, for any spatial dimension except 1 and 4, any nontrivial solution of the Cauchy problem blows up in a finite time (except in special cases), whereas for dimensions 1 and 4 there exists a neighborhood of trivial initial data in the $C^1$ - norm such that the respective solution preserves the initial smoothness globally. For dimension 1, the criterion of the singularity formation in terms of initial data was known, i.e. this neighborhood can be found exactly. For the case of dimension 4, there was no similar result. In this paper, we close this gap and obtain such a criterion for the case of a more technically complicated case of dimension 4.