Partial entanglement entropy threads in island phase

TL;DR

This paper explores the structure of partial entanglement entropy (PEE) threads in the island phase of AdS/CFT, revealing how they relate to entanglement measures and the island formula in holography.

Contribution

It extends the PEE thread framework to the island phase, showing how to replace boundary points with cutoff spheres and reproduce entanglement entropy calculations.

Findings

PEE threads in island phase are anchored on cutoff spheres.

Two-point and four-point functions match with minimal intersection surfaces.

Supports the foundation of balanced partial entanglement entropy (BPE) in island phase.

Abstract

In the context of AdS/CFT, it was recently proposed that the boundary partial entanglement entropy structure can be represented by the so-called partial entanglement entropy (PEE) threads in the AdS bulk, which are bulk geodesics with the density determined by the boundary PEE structure \cite{Lin:2023rbd,Lin:2024dho}. In Poincar\'e AdS space, it was shown that the PEE threads cover the AdS space uniformly, such that the number of intersections between any bulk surface and the bulk PEE threads is always given by the area of the surface divided by 4G. In this paper, we investigate the configurations of PEE threads when the boundary state is in island phase. The island phase was studied in the context of the holographic Weyl transformed CFT$_2$, which has been shown to capture all the main features of AdS/BCFT. Compared with AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$, in island phase instead of modifying the distribution of the bulk PEE threads, we should replace the boundary points with the corresponding cutoff spheres. Then the two-point and four-point functions of twist operators can be reproduced by identifying the bulk homologous surfaces anchored on the corresponding cutoff spheres that has the minimal number of intersections with the bulk PEE threads. This gives us a better understanding about the PEE structure in island phase and reproduces the island formula for entanglement entropy by allowing homologous surfaces to anchor on any cutoff surfaces. Furthermore, it gives a demonstration for the two basic proposals and a better understanding for the entanglement contribution that makes the foundation to compute the balanced partial entanglement entropy (BPE) \cite{Basu:2023wmv} which reproduces the entanglement wedge cross-section in island phase.