Stable 3D vortex solitons of high topological charge in a Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensate with spin-orbit coupling

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the creation of stable three-dimensional vortex solitons with high topological charges in a Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensate with spin-orbit coupling, overcoming previous instability issues.

Contribution

It introduces a scheme to realize stable high-charge 3D vortex solitons in a binary BEC with spin-orbit coupling, including analysis of stability and gyroscopic behavior.

Findings

Stable vortex solitons with charges up to 6 achieved

Stability depends on exceeding a critical spin-orbit coupling strength

Vortex solitons exhibit gyroscopic precession under torque

Abstract

Stable vortex solitons (VSs) are objects of great interest for fundamental studies and various applications, including particle trapping, microscopy, data encoding, and matter-wave gyroscopes. However, three-dimensional (3D) VSs with high topological charges, supported by self-attractive nonlinearities, are unstable against fragmentation, which eventually leads to internal blowup (supercritical collapse) of the fragments. Here, we propose a scheme for realizing stable 3D VSs with topological charges up to $5$ and $6$ in the two components of a binary, Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that, if the SOC strength exceeds a critical value, the rotational symmetry of the VSs in the transverse plane gets broken, resulting in separation of the two components. Nevertheless, the VSs with the broken symmetry remain stable. The VS stability domains are identified in the system's parameter space. Moreover, application of torque to the stable VSs sets them in the state of robust gyroscopic precession.