Shape-controlled Bose-Einstein Condensation

TL;DR

This paper explores how geometric shape manipulation of confinement domains influences Bose-Einstein condensation and thermodynamic properties of quantum gases, revealing shape-dependent phenomena at fixed size and temperature.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of shape-induced Bose-Einstein condensation and demonstrates the significant impact of shape on quantum gas behavior in nested square domains.

Findings

Specific heat shows an additional low-temperature peak at certain shapes.

Shape control can induce Bose-Einstein condensation without changing size or temperature.

Quantum shape effects significantly alter thermodynamic properties.

Abstract

Size-invariant shape transformation is a geometric technique that allows for a clear separation between quantum size and shape effects by modifying the shape of the confinement domain without altering its size. The impact of shape on the behavior of confined systems is significantly different from that of size, making it an emerging area of research. The recent realization of flat-bottomed optical box traps has further contributed to the study of quantum gases in complex confinement geometries. Here, we propose shape-induced Bose-Einstein condensation at a fixed size, temperature, and density. We investigate the impact of pure quantum shape effects on a non-interacting Bose gas confined within nested square domains, where the shape parameter is defined and controlled by the rotation angle between the inner and outer squares. Our findings reveal that specific heat exhibits an additional low-temperature peak at certain shapes. This work opens new avenues for controlling quantum systems through geometric manipulation and provides insights into the thermodynamic properties of Bose gases under shape-induced quantum effects.