WCEbleedGen: A wireless capsule endoscopy dataset and its benchmarking for automatic bleeding classification, detection, and segmentation

TL;DR

This paper introduces WCEbleedGen, a comprehensive, annotated dataset of WCE images for bleeding detection and segmentation, and benchmarks multiple deep learning models to advance automatic bleeding diagnosis.

Contribution

The creation of a high-quality, balanced WCE dataset with benchmarking of nine classification, three detection, and three segmentation models for bleeding analysis.

Findings

VGG19 achieved best classification performance.

YOLOv8n excelled in detection accuracy.

Linknet provided superior segmentation results.

Abstract

Computer-based analysis of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is crucial. However, a medically annotated WCE dataset for training and evaluation of automatic classification, detection, and segmentation of bleeding and non-bleeding frames is currently lacking. The present work focused on development of a medically annotated WCE dataset called WCEbleedGen for automatic classification, detection, and segmentation of bleeding and non-bleeding frames. It comprises 2,618 WCE bleeding and non-bleeding frames which were collected from various internet resources and existing WCE datasets. A comprehensive benchmarking and evaluation of the developed dataset was done using nine classification-based, three detection-based, and three segmentation-based deep learning models. The dataset is of high-quality, is class-balanced and contains single and multiple bleeding sites. Overall, our standard benchmark results show that Visual Geometric Group (VGG) 19, You Only Look Once version 8 nano (YOLOv8n), and Link network (Linknet) performed best in automatic classification, detection, and segmentation-based evaluations, respectively. Automatic bleeding diagnosis is crucial for WCE video interpretations. This diverse dataset will aid in developing of real-time, multi-task learning-based innovative solutions for automatic bleeding diagnosis in WCE. The dataset and code are publicly available at https://zenodo.org/records/10156571 and https://github.com/misahub2023/Benchmarking-Codes-of-the-WCEBleedGen-dataset.