Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency Cooling of High-Nuclear-Spin Ions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates effective electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling of $^{137} ext{Ba}^+$ ions with high nuclear spin, enabling near-ground-state cooling of multiple motional modes, which is promising for scalable quantum computing.

Contribution

The authors develop a novel EIT cooling method with an EIT pumping laser to maintain cooling efficiency in complex level structures, applicable to high-nuclear-spin ions.

Findings

Achieved ground-state cooling of two radial modes of a single ion.

Successfully cooled all ten radial modes of a five-ion chain.

Demonstrated potential for simultaneous multi-mode cooling across a wide frequency range.

Abstract

We report the electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) cooling of $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^{+}$ ions with a nuclear spin of $I=3/2$, which are a good candidate of qubits for future large-scale trapped ion quantum computing. EIT cooling of atoms or ions with a complex ground-state level structure is challenging due to the lack of an isolated $\Lambda$ system, as the population can escape from the $\Lambda$ system to reduce the cooling efficiency. We overcome this issue by leveraging an EIT pumping laser to repopulate the cooling subspace, ensuring continuous and effective EIT cooling. We cool the two radial modes of a single $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^{+}$ ion to average motional occupations of 0.08(5) and 0.15(7) respectively. Using the same laser parameters, we also cool all the ten radial modes of a five-ion chain to near their ground states. Our approach can be adapted to atomic species possessing similar level structures. It allows engineering of the EIT Fano-like spectrum, which can be useful for simultaneous cooling of modes across a wide frequency range, aiding in large-scale trapped-ion quantum information processing.