Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) V. The launching mechanism of protostellar winds via water masers
Luca Moscadelli, Andr\'e Oliva, Alberto Sanna, Gabriele Surcis, Olga, Bayandina

TL;DR
This study uses VLBI water maser observations to investigate the launching mechanisms of protostellar winds, providing detailed measurements of wind streamlines and supporting magneto-centrifugal launching models at small scales.
Contribution
The paper presents high-resolution 3D velocity measurements of water masers in a protostellar jet, confirming magneto-centrifugal launching at 10-50 au scales and identifying a magnetic pressure-driven shock at larger distances.
Findings
Water masers trace three wind streamlines with launch radii of 10-50 au.
Magneto-centrifugal launching explains the high-speed, collimated winds near the jet axis.
A slow, expanding shock-front at larger distances is driven by magnetic pressure.
Abstract
Understanding the launching mechanism of winds and jets remains one of the fundamental challenges in astrophysics. The Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) survey has recently mapped the 3D velocity field of the protostellar winds in a sample (37) of luminous young stellar objects (YSOs) at scales of 10-100 au via very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the 22 GHz water masers. In most of the targets, the distribution of the 3D maser velocities can be explained in terms of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind (DW). We have performed Very Long Baseline Array observations of the 22 GHz water masers in IRAS 21078+5211, the most promising MHD DW candidate from the POETS survey, to determine the 3D velocities of the gas flowing along several wind streamlines previously identified at a linear resolution of ~1 au. Near the YSO at small separations along ($xl…
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