Network-based diversification of stock and cryptocurrency portfolios

TL;DR

This paper explores network-based methods for diversifying stock and cryptocurrency portfolios by detecting communities in asset networks and constructing portfolios based on various centrality and variance measures, revealing contrasting trends in crypto markets.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach combining community detection and network analysis for portfolio diversification across stocks and cryptocurrencies, including dynamic community analysis over time.

Findings

Community detection confirms known diversification patterns in stocks.

Crypto assets show opposing diversification trends during crises.

Network-based strategies improve understanding of asset relationships.

Abstract

Maintaining a balance between returns and volatility is a common strategy for portfolio diversification, whether investing in traditional equities or digital assets like cryptocurrencies. One approach for diversification is the application of community detection or clustering, using a network representing the relationships between assets. We examine two network representations, one based on a standard distance matrix based on correlation, and another based on mutual information. The Louvain and Affinity propagation algorithms were employed for finding the network communities (clusters) based on annual data. Furthermore, we examine building assets' co-occurrence networks, where communities are detected for each month throughout a whole year and then the links represent how often assets belong to the same community. Portfolios are then constructed by selecting several assets from each community based on local properties (degree centrality), global properties (closeness centrality), or explained variance (Principal component analysis), with three value ranges (max, med, min), calculated on a maximal spanning tree or a fully connected community sub-graph. We explored these various strategies on data from the S\&P 500 and the Top 203 cryptocurrencies with a market cap above 2M USD in the period from Jan 2019 to Sep 2022. Moreover, we study into more details the periods of the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak and the start of the war in Ukraine. The results confirm some of the previous findings already known for traditional stock markets and provide some further insights, while they reveal an opposing trend in the crypto-assets market.