Fine-structure changing collisions in $^{87}$Rb upon D2 excitation in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime

TL;DR

This study examines how collisions in hot rubidium vapor under strong magnetic fields cause changes in atomic fine structure, affecting fluorescence and quantum optics applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates that fine-structure changing collisions occur in buffer-gas free rubidium vapor under hyperfine Paschen-Back conditions, revealing quantum number conservation during collisions.

Findings

Fine-structure changing collisions occur in buffer-gas free vapor.

The $m_{J}$ quantum number changes, $m_{I}$ is conserved.

Collisional effects influence fluorescence lineshape and quantum optics experiments.

Abstract

We investigate fine structure changing collisions in $^{87}$Rb vapour upon D2 excitation in a thermal vapour at 350 K; the atoms are placed in a 0.6 T axial magnetic field in order to gain access to the hyperfine Pashen-Back regime. Following optical excitation on the D2 line, the exothermic transfer 5P$_{3/2}$$\rightarrow$5P$_{1/2}$ occurs as a consequence of buffer-gas collisions; the $^{87}$Rb subsequently emits a photon on the D1 transition. We employ single-photon counting apparatus to monitor the D1 fluorescence, with an etalon filter to provide high spectral resolution. By studying the D1 fluorescence when the D2 excitation laser is scanned, we see that during the collisional transfer process the $m_{J}$ quantum number of the atom changes, but the nuclear spin projection quantum number, $m_{I}$, is conserved. A simple kinematic model incorporating a coefficient of restitution in the collision accounted for the change in velocity distribution of atoms undergoing collisions, and the resulting fluorescence lineshape. The experiment is conducted with a nominally ``buffer-gas free" vapour cell; our results show that fine structure changing collisions are important with such media, and point out possible implications for quantum-optics experiments in thermal vapours producing entangled photon pairs with the double ladder configuration, and solar physics magneto-optical filters.