Multi-messenger connection in high-energy neutrino astronomy

TL;DR

This paper reviews the progress and challenges in high-energy neutrino astronomy, emphasizing the importance of multi-messenger approaches involving electromagnetic, gravitational wave, and cosmic ray observations to identify cosmic neutrino sources.

Contribution

It discusses recent developments in multi-messenger strategies and infrastructure that enhance the detection and understanding of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.

Findings

Progress in multi-messenger coordination has improved neutrino source identification.

Current neutrino observatories have yet to conclusively identify cosmic ray origins.

Collaborative efforts are crucial for future breakthroughs in high-energy neutrino astronomy.

Abstract

Low fluxes of astrophysical neutrinos at TeV energies and the overwhelming background of atmospheric neutrinos below that, render the current paradigm of neutrino astronomy as a severely statistics limited one. While many hints have emerged, all the evidence gathered by IceCube and ANTARES, over the course of almost a decade and a half of operation, have fallen short of providing any conclusive answer to the puzzle of the origin of high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. The advancement of the field is thus closely associated with not only the neutrino observatories coming online in the next few years, but also on the coordinated efforts of the EM, GW and cosmic ray communities to develop dedicated channels and infrastructure that allows for swift and comprehensive multi-messenger follow-up of relevant events detected in any of the sectors. This paper highlights the strides that have been already taken in that direction and the fruits that they have born, as well as the challenges that lie ahead.