Addressing Heterogeneity in Federated Learning: Challenges and Solutions for a Shared Production Environment

TL;DR

This paper reviews the challenges posed by data heterogeneity in federated learning within manufacturing environments and discusses strategies to mitigate these issues for more robust and fair model training.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of heterogeneity types in FL for manufacturing and proposes new strategies for managing data variability effectively.

Findings

Heterogeneity significantly impacts FL model performance.

Personalized and robust aggregation methods improve training.

Future directions include adaptive, scalable solutions.

Abstract

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach to training machine learning models across decentralized data sources while preserving data privacy, particularly in manufacturing and shared production environments. However, the presence of data heterogeneity variations in data distribution, quality, and volume across different or clients and production sites, poses significant challenges to the effectiveness and efficiency of FL. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of heterogeneity in FL within the context of manufacturing, detailing the types and sources of heterogeneity, including non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data, unbalanced data, variable data quality, and statistical heterogeneity. We discuss the impact of these types of heterogeneity on model training and review current methodologies for mitigating their adverse effects. These methodologies include personalized and customized models, robust aggregation techniques, and client selection techniques. By synthesizing existing research and proposing new strategies, this paper aims to provide insight for effectively managing data heterogeneity in FL, enhancing model robustness, and ensuring fair and efficient training across diverse environments. Future research directions are also identified, highlighting the need for adaptive and scalable solutions to further improve the FL paradigm in the context of Industry 4.0.