New purely damped pairs of quasinormal modes in a hot and dense strongly-coupled plasma

TL;DR

This paper numerically investigates quasinormal modes of a holographic plasma, discovering new purely damped mode pairs and pole fusion phenomena that influence the plasma's late-time equilibration at high chemical potential.

Contribution

It identifies a novel structure of purely imaginary QNM pairs and describes asymptotic pole fusion in a top-down holographic model of a strongly-coupled plasma.

Findings

Discovery of purely imaginary QNM pairs dominating late-time dynamics.

Observation of asymptotic pole fusion at large chemical potential.

Identification of upper bounds on plasma equilibration times.

Abstract

Perturbed black holes exhibit damped oscillations whose eigenfrequencies define their quasinormal modes (QNMs). In the case of asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes, the spectra of QNMs are related to the near-equilibrium behavior of specific strongly interacting quantum field theories via the holographic gauge-gravity duality. In the present work, we numerically obtain the spectra of homogeneous non-hydrodynamic QNMs of a top-down holographic construction called the 2 R-Charge Black Hole (2RCBH) model, which describes a hot and dense strongly-coupled plasma. The main result is the discovery of a new structure of pairs of purely imaginary QNMs. Those new purely damped QNMs dominate the late time equilibration of the strongly-coupled plasma at large values of the chemical potential, while at lower values the fundamental QNMs are instead ordinary poles with imaginary and real parts describing oscillatory decaying perturbations. We also observe a new phenomenon of asymptotic pole fusion for different pairs of purely imaginary QNMs at asymptotically large values of the chemical potential. This phenomenon corresponds to the asymptotic merging of the two poles within each pair of purely imaginary QNMs, with the different pairs of merged poles being evenly spaced by a constant value of $4\pi$ in all the different perturbation channels associated to different irreducible representations of the spatial $SO(3)$ rotation symmetry of the medium. In particular, this indicates that characteristic equilibration times for the plasma develop upper bounds that cannot be surpassed by further doping the medium with increasing values of the chemical potential.