Disordered Optical Metasurfaces: Basics, Properties, and Applications

TL;DR

Disordered optical metasurfaces, which incorporate intentional imperfections, can achieve unique optical functionalities and are promising for large-scale applications, offering advantages over traditional ordered metasurfaces.

Contribution

This review synthesizes theoretical, numerical, and experimental insights into disordered optical metasurfaces, highlighting their potential and fabrication techniques for practical applications.

Findings

Disordered metasurfaces enable unique light manipulation functionalities.

Various fabrication methods produce different types of disorder with specific optical effects.

Disordered metasurfaces are promising for large-scale, cost-effective optical applications.

Abstract

Optical metasurfaces are conventionally viewed as organized flat arrays of photonic or plasmonic nanoresonators, also called metaatoms. These metasurfaces are typically highly ordered and fabricated with precision using expensive tools. However, the inherent imperfections in large-scale nanophotonic devices, along with recent advances in bottom-up nanofabrication techniques and design strategies, have highlighted the potential benefits of incorporating disorder to achieve specific optical functionalities. This review offers an overview of the key theoretical, numerical, and experimental aspects related to the exploration of disordered optical metasurfaces. It introduces fundamental concepts of light scattering by disordered metasurfaces and outlines theoretical and numerical methodologies for analyzing their optical behavior. Various fabrication techniques are discussed, highlighting the types of disorder they deliver and their achievable precision level. The review also explores critical applications of disordered optical metasurfaces, such as light manipulation in thin film materials and the design of structural colors and visual appearances. Finally, the article offers perspectives on the burgeoning future research in this field. Disordered optical metasurfaces offer a promising alternative to their ordered counterparts, often delivering unique functionalities or enhanced performance. They present a particularly exciting opportunity in applications demanding large-scale implementation, such as sustainable renewable energy systems, as well as aesthetically vibrant coatings for luxury goods and architectural designs.