The spectral gap and principle eigenfunction of the random conductance model in a line segment

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the spectral gap and principal eigenfunction of a random walk on a line segment with random conductances, establishing asymptotic behavior and eigenfunction approximation under certain conditions.

Contribution

It provides a precise asymptotic estimate of the spectral gap and characterizes the principal eigenfunction for the random conductance model on a line segment.

Findings

Spectral gap asymptotically equals (1) rac{7}{N^2}

Principal eigenfunction approximated by a cosine function

Conditions on conductances ensure the asymptotic behavior

Abstract

In this paper, we study the spectral gap and principle eigenfunction of the random walk in the line segment $[1, N]$ with conductances $c^{(N)}(x, x+1)_{1\le x<N}$ where $c^{(N)}(x, x+1)>0$ is the rate of the random walk jumping from site $x$ to site $x+1$ and vice versa. Writing $r^{(N)}(x, x+1) := 1/c^{(N)}(x, x+1)$, under the assumption \begin{equation*} \limsup_{N\to \infty}\, \frac{1}{N}\sup_{1< m \le N}\, \left| \sum_{x=2}^m r^{(N)}(x-1, x)- (m-1) \right|\;=\;0\,, \end{equation*} we prove that the spectral gap, denoted by $\mathrm{gap}_{N}$, of the process satisfies $\mathrm{gap}_{N}=(1+o(1))\pi^2/N^2$ and the principle eigenfunction $g_N$ with $g_N(1)=1$ corresponding to the spectral gap is well approximated by $h_N(x) := \cos\left( (x-1/2)\pi/N \right)$.