Nonequilibrium entanglement between levitated masses under optimal control

TL;DR

This paper introduces a protocol that uses optimal control and non-equilibrium dynamics to generate unconditional entanglement between two levitated masses with minimal interaction, surpassing steady-state methods.

Contribution

It develops a novel protocol combining optimal quantum control with non-equilibrium dynamics for unconditional entanglement of levitated masses, reducing interaction strength requirements.

Findings

Enables unconditional entanglement at the fundamental limit of the conditional state.

Achieves entanglement with an order of magnitude smaller interaction than steady-state methods.

Applicable to optically trapped particles with electrostatic coupling.

Abstract

We present a protocol that maximizes unconditional entanglement generation between two masses interacting directly through $1/r^{n}$ potential. The protocol combines optimal quantum control of continuously measured masses with their non-equilibrium dynamics, driven by a time-dependent interaction strength. Applied to a pair of optically trapped sub-micron particles coupled via electrostatic interaction, our protocol enables unconditional entanglement generation at the fundamental limit of the conditional state and with an order of magnitude smaller interaction between the masses compared to the existing steady-state approaches.