Enhanced stability and chaotic condensates in multi-species non-reciprocal mixtures

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that non-reciprocal interactions in multi-species systems enhance stability, lead to diverse dynamical patterns, and give rise to novel steady states, with implications for understanding biological self-organization.

Contribution

It provides an exact analytical result for stability in large systems and confirms it through numerical simulations of a multi-species non-reciprocal Cahn-Hilliard model.

Findings

Non-reciprocal interactions enhance system stability.

Diversity of dynamical patterns increases with species number.

Novel steady states like pulsating and chaotic condensates are observed.

Abstract

Random non-reciprocal interactions between a large number of conserved densities are shown to enhance the stability of the system towards pattern formation. The enhanced stability is an exact result when the number of species approaches infinity and is confirmed numerically by simulations of the multi-species non-reciprocal Cahn-Hilliard model. Furthermore, the diversity in dynamical patterns increases with increasing number of components and novel steady states such as pulsating or spatiotemporally chaotic condensates are observed. Our results may help to unravel the mechanisms by which living systems self-organise via metabolism.