Behavioral and Topological Heterogeneities in Network Versions of Schelling's Segregation Model

TL;DR

This study explores how combined behavioral and topological heterogeneities in network models influence segregation, revealing that their interaction can reduce segregation and create complex spatial dynamics.

Contribution

It uniquely investigates the combined effects of behavioral and topological heterogeneities in Schelling's segregation models, showing their joint impact on segregation outcomes.

Findings

Heterogeneous preferences and topologies lead to diverse segregation levels.

Increased heterogeneity can reduce overall segregation.

High tolerance nodes influence spatial distribution, mimicking urban-rural divides.

Abstract

Agent-based models of residential segregation have been of persistent interest to various research communities since their origin with James Sakoda and popularization by Thomas Schelling. Frequently, these models have sought to elucidate the extent to which the collective dynamics of individual preferences may cause segregation to emerge. This open question has sustained relevance in U.S. jurisprudence. Previous investigation of heterogeneity of behaviors (preferences) has shown reductions in segregation. Meanwhile, previous investigation of heterogeneity of social network topologies has shown no significant impact to observed segregation levels. In the present study, we examined the effects of the concurrent presence of both behavioral and topological heterogeneities in network segregation models. Simulations were conducted using both homogeneous and heterogeneous preference models on 2D lattices with varied levels of densification to create topological heterogeneities (i.e., clusters, hubs). Results show a richer variety of outcomes, including novel differences in resultant segregation levels and hub composition. Notably, with concurrent increased representations of heterogeneous preferences and heterogeneous topologies, reduced levels of segregation emerge. Simultaneously, we observe a novel dynamic of segregation between tolerance levels as highly tolerant nodes take residence in dense areas and push intolerant nodes to sparse areas mimicking the urban-rural divide.