Precipitation of corrosion products in macroscopic voids at the steel-concrete interface -- observations, mechanisms and research needs

TL;DR

This paper investigates how corrosion products precipitate within macroscopic voids at the steel-concrete interface, affecting durability, by combining in-situ imaging, thermodynamic analysis, and modeling to propose mechanisms and identify research directions.

Contribution

It provides new hypotheses on the mechanisms of corrosion product precipitation in macroscopic voids using combined experimental and modeling approaches.

Findings

Corrosion products preferentially precipitate along void walls.

Precipitation patterns influence stress development and durability.

Research opportunities for multiscale process understanding are discussed.

Abstract

Macroscopic voids at the steel-concrete interface and their degree of saturation with an aqueous electrolyte are known to play an important role in the corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete. Irrespective of the exposure conditions and testing parameters, corrosion products have been reported to consistently precipitate in a unique pattern within these macroscopic voids, preferentially along the void walls and growing inward. The underlying mechanisms governing corrosion product precipitation in macroscopic voids and their effects on long-term durability remain unclear. Through in-situ X-ray computed tomography observations, thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, and numerical modelling of water transport within macroscopic voids, here, we provide plausible hypotheses of the processes responsible for the precipitation of corrosion products along the walls of the voids. Understanding the mechanisms of corrosion product precipitation can offer insights into the development of stresses in and around the macroscopic interfacial void and the durability of reinforced concrete structures. This contribution also discusses opportunities for different avenues for research to elucidate several multiscale processes that influence the durability of reinforced concrete.