Qualitatively altered driven Dicke superradiance in extended systems due to infinitesimal perturbations

TL;DR

This paper investigates how infinitesimal perturbations can qualitatively change superradiant states in the driven Dicke model, using simulations of superconducting qubits coupled to a waveguide and analyzing degeneracy and transitions within the system.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of small perturbations on the degenerate steady states of the driven Dicke model in extended systems.

Findings

Degenerate subspace dimension predicted using angular momentum basis

Perturbations induce transitions within the degenerate subspace

Superradiance behavior is qualitatively altered by infinitesimal perturbations

Abstract

The driven Dicke model, with interesting quantum phases induced by parameterized driving, has been intensively studied in cavities, where permutation symmetry applies due to the atoms' equal coupling to the field and identical interaction. As a result, the system, with proper initialization, can remain in a highly symmetric subset of the state space, where the photon emission of each atom constructively interferes with each other, leading to superradiance at steady state. However, because of the degeneracy of steady states for the driven Dicke model, the steady state can be qualitatively altered by an infinitesimal perturbation. In this work, we simulate superconducting qubits coupled to a 1D waveguide as the extended system and theoretically investigate four kinds of perturbations: local dephasing, individual driving phases, the separation between adjacent qubits, and individual detunings. Using an angular momentum basis, we predict the dimension of the degenerate subspace and study the transition within the subspace due to the perturbation.