Constructing the spin-1 Haldane phase on a qudit quantum processor

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the construction and study of the spin-1 Haldane phase using trapped-ion qutrits, verifying key topological features and enabling exploration of complex quantum phases on a qudit quantum processor.

Contribution

It introduces a scalable method to prepare the AKLT state in a spin-1 chain on a qudit processor, enabling direct study of Haldane phase properties.

Findings

Verified long-range string order in the Haldane phase

Observed spin fractionalization at chain edges

Demonstrated native realization of Haldane physics on a qudit processor

Abstract

Symmetry-protected topological phases have fundamentally changed our understanding of quantum matter. An archetypal example of such a quantum phase of matter is the Haldane phase, containing the spin-1 Heisenberg chain. The intrinsic quantum nature of such phases, however, often makes it challenging to study them using classical means. Here, we use trapped-ion qutrits to natively engineer spin-1 chains within the Haldane phase. Using a scalable, deterministic procedure to prepare the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) state within the Haldane phase, we study the topological features of this system on a qudit quantum processor. Notably, we verify the long-range string order of the state, despite its short-range correlations, and observe spin fractionalization of the physical spin-1 particles into effective qubits at the chain edges, a defining feature of this system. The native realization of Haldane physics on a qudit quantum processor and the scalable preparation procedures open the door to the efficient exploration of a wide range of systems beyond spin-1/2