X(2370) glueball-like particle productions in $e^+e^-$ collisions at the BESIII energy and in pp collisions at the LHC energy with PACIAE model

TL;DR

This study uses the PACIAE model to simulate the production of the X(2370) glueball-like particle in electron-positron and proton-proton collisions, providing predictions and criteria to distinguish its possible states.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive simulation approach for X(2370) production in different collision types and proposes criteria to identify its quantum state based on yield and distribution discrepancies.

Findings

Significant differences in yields and spectra among X(2370) states.

Support for BESIII's observation of X(2370) in e+e- collisions.

Predictions for X(2370) production in pp collisions at LHC energies.

Abstract

Inspired by the BESIII newest observation of X(2370) glueball-like particle, we search its productions in both $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 4.95 GeV and proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE. In this model, the final partonic state (FPS) and the final hadronic state (FHS) are consecutively simulated and recorded. The X(2370) glueball- or tetraquark-state is then, respectively, recombined by two gluons or four quarks $ss\bar{s}\bar{s}$ in the FPS using the quantum statistical mechanics inspired dynamically constrained phase-space coalescence (DCPC) model. The X(2370) molecular-state is recombined by the baryon-antibaryon of $\Lambda$-$\bar{\Lambda}$ or $\Sigma$-$\bar{\Sigma}$, or by three mesons of $\pi^+\pi^{-}\eta'$, $K^+K^-\eta'$, or $K_S^0K_S^0\eta'$ in the FHS using DCPC model. In both $e^+e^-$ and pp collisions, significant discrepancies in the yields, the transverse momentum spectra and the rapidity distributions among the X(2370) glueball-, tetraquark-, and molecular-state are observed. These discrepancies are proposed as valuable criteria identifying the X(2370) different states from each other. Our results not only support the BESIII observation of glueball-like particle $\rm X(2370)$ production in $e^+e^-$ collisions, but also serve as a prediction for the $\rm X(2370)$ production in pp collisions. We strongly suggest the experimental measurement of the X(2370) glueball-like particle production in pp collisions at the LHC energies.