Variability regions for the $n$-th derivative of bounded analytic functions

TL;DR

This paper characterizes the variability regions of the $n$-th derivative of bounded analytic functions with fixed initial conditions, extending classical results and providing explicit descriptions of extremal functions.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized Schwarz-Pick lemma for the $n$-th derivative and derives a higher-order Dieudonné's lemma with explicit extremal functions.

Findings

Determined the variability region for the $n$-th derivative of functions in $ ext{Hol}( ext{unit disk})$ with fixed initial conditions.

Established a higher-order Dieudonné's lemma describing the variability region for derivatives with given initial data.

Provided explicit forms of extremal functions achieving the bounds.

Abstract

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be the class of all analytic self-maps of the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$. Denote by $H^n f(z)$ the $n$-th order hyperbolic derivative of $f\in \mathcal H$ at $z\in \mathbb{D}$. For $z_0\in \mathbb{D}$ and $\gamma = (\gamma_0, \gamma_1 , \ldots , \gamma_{n-1}) \in {\mathbb D}^{n}$, let ${\mathcal H} (\gamma) = \{f \in {\mathcal H} : f (z_0) = \gamma_0,H^1f (z_0) = \gamma_1,\ldots ,H^{n-1}f (z_0) = \gamma_{n-1} \}$. In this paper, we determine the variability region $V(z_0, \gamma ) = \{ f^{(n)}(z_0) : f \in {\mathcal H} (\gamma) \}$, which can be called ``the generalized Schwarz-Pick Lemma of $n$-th derivative". We then apply the generalized Schwarz-Pick Lemma to establish a $n$-th order Dieudonn\'e's Lemma, which provides an explicit description of the variability region $\{h^{(n)}(z_0): h\in \mathcal{H}, h(0)=0,h(z_0) =w_0, h'(z_0)=w_1,\ldots, h^{(n-1)}(z_0)=w_{n-1}\}$ for given $z_0$, $w_0$, $w_1,\dots,w_{n-1}$. Moreover, we determine the form of all extremal functions.