Computational modelling of bone growth and mineralization surrounding biodegradable Mg-based and permanent Ti implants

TL;DR

This paper presents an advanced computational model that simulates bone growth and implant degradation for biodegradable magnesium and permanent titanium implants, enabling cost-effective in silico testing of tissue-material interactions.

Contribution

It refines existing mathematical models to accurately simulate magnesium-based implant degradation and bone healing, validated with experimental data and sensitivity analysis.

Findings

Model accurately predicts relative bone volume with <6% error.

Simulates implant degradation and osseointegration over 32 weeks.

Sensitivity analysis identifies key parameters affecting outcomes.

Abstract

In silico testing of implant materials is a research area of high interest, as cost- and labour-intensive experiments may be omitted. However, assessing the tissue-material interaction mathematically and computationally can be very complex, in particular when functional, such as biodegradable, implant materials are investigated. In this work, we expand and refine suitable existing mathematical models of bone growth and magnesium-based implant degradation based on ordinary differential equations. We show that we can simulate the implant degradation, as well as the osseointegration in terms of relative bone volume fraction and changes in bone ultrastructure when applying the model to experimental data from titanium and magnesium-gadolinium implants for healing times up to 32 weeks. An additional sensitivity analysis highlights important parameters and their interactions. Moreover, we show that the model is predictive in terms of relative bone volume fraction with mean absolute errors below 6%.