Compress and Compare: Interactively Evaluating Efficiency and Behavior Across ML Model Compression Experiments

TL;DR

This paper introduces Compress and Compare, an interactive visual system that aids machine learning practitioners in comparing and analyzing model compression experiments, revealing behavior changes and supporting complex trade-off evaluations.

Contribution

We developed an interactive visualization tool that consolidates compression experiment analysis, enabling comprehensive comparison and understanding of model behavior changes due to compression.

Findings

Supports common compression analysis tasks effectively

Helps identify subtle behavior changes and artifacts

Enhances practitioner intuition and workflow structure

Abstract

To deploy machine learning models on-device, practitioners use compression algorithms to shrink and speed up models while maintaining their high-quality output. A critical aspect of compression in practice is model comparison, including tracking many compression experiments, identifying subtle changes in model behavior, and negotiating complex accuracy-efficiency trade-offs. However, existing compression tools poorly support comparison, leading to tedious and, sometimes, incomplete analyses spread across disjoint tools. To support real-world comparative workflows, we develop an interactive visual system called Compress and Compare. Within a single interface, Compress and Compare surfaces promising compression strategies by visualizing provenance relationships between compressed models and reveals compression-induced behavior changes by comparing models' predictions, weights, and activations. We demonstrate how Compress and Compare supports common compression analysis tasks through two case studies, debugging failed compression on generative language models and identifying compression artifacts in image classification models. We further evaluate Compress and Compare in a user study with eight compression experts, illustrating its potential to provide structure to compression workflows, help practitioners build intuition about compression, and encourage thorough analysis of compression's effect on model behavior. Through these evaluations, we identify compression-specific challenges that future visual analytics tools should consider and Compress and Compare visualizations that may generalize to broader model comparison tasks.