Additional dimensions of space and time in the domain of deep inelastic processes

TL;DR

This paper explores hidden angular variables in uncertainty relations, derives a formula for virtual particle speeds, and applies it to HERA data, suggesting virtual photons can exceed light speed and relate to two-time physics.

Contribution

It introduces hidden angular variables in uncertainty relations and connects these to virtual photon speeds and higher-dimensional space-time theories.

Findings

Virtual photon speed exceeds light speed in HERA data.

Hidden angular variables relate to space-time geometry.

Supports two-time physics as a framework for normalization conditions.

Abstract

We prove that the well-known Heisenberg uncertainty relations and Landau-Peierls uncertainty relations implicitly contain ``hidden'' angular variables, which belong to new uncertainty relations. Based on the obtained relations, we derive a formula for estimating the speed $U^*$ of a virtual particle in indirect measurements. We applied the theory of indirect measurements and the derived formula to estimate the module of the group velocity of virtual photons from the DIS HERA data. The HERA data indicate that the speed of virtual photons exceeds the speed of light $c$ in free space, $U^*>c$. The properties of virtual photons and a hypothetical tachyon particle are almost identical. It is found that in the realm of particle interaction, the new angular parameters are closely related to the type of the phase-space geometry and dimensionality of the space-time continuum. It is suggested that the problem of the normalization condition $U^* =c$ at $Q^2=0\, \rm{GeV}^2$ can be solved naturally within the framework of ``Two-Time Physics'' developed by I. Bars. 2T-physics is the theory with local symplectic $\mathrm{Sp(2,R)}$ gauge symmetry in phase-space and the space-time geometry of signature $\mathrm{(1+1',d+1')}$ with one extra time-like and one extra space-like dimensions.