Gravitational-Wave and Gravitational-Wave Memory Signatures of Core-Collapse Supernovae

TL;DR

This paper analyzes gravitational wave signatures from core-collapse supernovae, highlighting the detectability of matter and neutrino memory components with current and future detectors, and providing estimates of detection rates across the galaxy.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of GW signals from supernovae, emphasizing the importance of neutrino memory and polarization angles for detection and identification.

Findings

Neutrino memory is the most detectable GW component from CCSNe.

DECIGO can detect both matter and neutrino memory signals.

Detection rates vary significantly with the inclusion of neutrino memory, reaching up to 92% of galactic supernovae.

Abstract

In this paper, we calculate the energy, signal-to-noise ratio, detection range, and angular anisotropy of the matter, matter memory, and neutrino memory gravitational wave (GW) signatures of 21 three-dimensional initially non-rotating core-collapse supernova (CCSN) models carried to late times. We find that inferred energy, signal-to-noise ratio, and detection range are angle-dependent quantities, and that the spread of possible energy, signal-to-noise, and detection ranges across all viewing angles generally increases with progenitor mass. When examining the low-frequency matter memory and neutrino memory components of the signal, we find that the neutrino memory is the most detectable component of a CCSN GW signal, and that DECIGO is best-equipped to detect both matter memory and neutrino memory. Moreover, we find that the polarization angle between the $h_+$ and $h_{\times}$ strains serves as a unique identifier of matter and neutrino memory. Finally, we develop a galactic density- and stellar mass-weighted formalism to calculate the rate at which we can expect to detect CCSN GW signals with Advanced LIGO. When considering only the matter component of the signal, the aLIGO detection rate is around 24$\%$ of the total galactic supernova rate, but increases to 92$\%$ when incorporating the neutrino memory component. We find that all future detectors (ET, CE, DECIGO) will be able to detect CCSN GW signals from the entire galaxy, and for the higher-mass progenitors even into the local group of galaxies.