Impact of the phase transition on Quark-Gluon Plasma with an extremely strong magnetic field in holographic QCD

TL;DR

This paper studies how extremely strong magnetic fields affect the phase transition and jet quenching in quark-gluon plasma using holographic QCD, revealing a critical point and anisotropic effects near phase transitions.

Contribution

It introduces a holographic QCD model to analyze the impact of strong magnetic fields on phase transitions and jet quenching, identifying a critical point and anisotropic behavior.

Findings

A critical magnetic field and temperature point for phase transition.

Strong magnetic fields induce anisotropy and enhancement in jet quenching.

Qualitative agreement with lattice QCD predictions.

Abstract

We investigate the phase transition within an extremely strong magnetic background field, employing a holographic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) model with a focus on entropy and pressure properties. At relatively modest magnetic field strengths, our study discerns a crossover transition between the normal phase and the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase as the temperature rises. In contrast, under the influence of an extremely strong magnetic field, a first-order phase transition is observed. A critical point is identified at $ (eB_c, T_c) \approx (2.8623 \, \text{GeV}^2, 0.1191 \, \text{GeV}) $, which corresponds to a second-order phase transition. This phase structure is found to be in qualitative agreement with lattice simulation predictions reported in [Phys. Rev. D \textbf{105}, 034511 (2022)]. Furthermore, we explore the impact of the magnetic field on the jet quenching parameter across various phases. At zero magnetic field ($ eB = 0$ ), the normalized jet quenching parameter $ \hat{q} / T^3 $ exhibits a monotonic increase with temperature. However, in the presence of a magnetic background field, the normalized jet quenching parameters not only display directional anisotropy but also experience a universal enhancement, particularly in the vicinity of the critical temperature region. This observation suggests that the jet quenching parameter could potentially act as an indicator of phase transitions.