On Extended d-D Kappa Distribution

TL;DR

This paper explores the extended d-D kappa distribution, a generalized family of spectral profiles used to model particle populations in space and astrophysical plasmas, including special cases within a broader mathematical framework.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive pathway family of densities that encompasses all special cases of kappa distributions, enhancing the modeling of plasma particle spectra.

Findings

Unified framework for kappa distributions

Includes special cases as members of the pathway family

Applicable to space and astrophysical plasma analysis

Abstract

Thermal Doppler broadening of spectral profiles for particle populations in the absence or presence of potential fields are described by kappa distributions. The kappa distribution provides a replacement for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution which can be considered as a generalization for describing systems characterized by local correlations among their particles as found in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper presents all special cases of kappa distributions as members of a general pathway family of densities introduced by Mathai.