A first systematic characterization of cataclysmic variables in SRG/eROSITA surveys

TL;DR

This study systematically characterizes cataclysmic variables detected in eROSITA X-ray surveys, analyzing their properties, detection rates, and spectral features, revealing new insights into their classifications and X-ray behaviors.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analysis of CVs in eROSITA surveys, including detection statistics, spectral properties, and the discovery of three new soft intermediate polars.

Findings

Over 90% of known CVs within 500 pc are detected in combined eROSITA surveys.

Spectral analysis confirms increased soft X-ray ratio with stronger magnetic fields in polars.

Three new soft intermediate polars are identified and characterized.

Abstract

(abridged) We present an account of known cataclysmic variables (CVs) that were detected as X-ray sources in eROSITA X-ray surveys and have Gaia DR3 counterparts. We address standard CVs with main sequence donors and white dwarfs accreting via Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF) and related objects, the double degenerates (DDs), and the symbiotic stars (SySts). We discern between nonmagnetic (dwarf novae and nova-like objects) and magnetic CVs (polars and intermediate polars (IPs)). In the publically available eROSITA catalog from the recent DR1, typically 65\% of known cataloged and classified CVs are detected. This fraction rises to over 90\% if the stack of all \ero X-ray surveys (called S45 in this paper) is considered and the search volume is restricted to a radius of 500\,pc. We examine the various classes of CVs in various diagnostic diagrams relating X-ray and optical properties (luminosity, absolute magnitude, color, X-ray spectral hardness, and optical variability) and establish their average class properties. We derive spectral properties for the 22 brightest polars and confirm an increase in the ratio of soft to hard X-rays with increasing magnetic field in the accretion region. We report three new soft IPs and present a spectral analysis of all soft IPs. Their blackbody temperatures agree well with published values. The DDs represent the bluest and faintest subcategory but reach the same identification fraction as the standard CVs. The SySts are the most distant systems; only 20 (13\%) were detected as X-ray sources in S45, and 7 of those are first-time detections. We investigate their mean properties using an upper limit on the flux of the nondetected CVs. Their X-ray nondetection is indeed a distance effect.