Dimeric Drug Polymeric Micelles with Acid-Active Tumor Targeting and FRET-indicated Drug Release

TL;DR

This study develops a pH/reduction dual-responsive polymeric micelle system with tumor targeting and FRET-based drug release visualization, enhancing cancer therapy specificity and efficacy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel acid-active tumor targeting nanoplatform with FRET-indicated drug release, improving circulation time and targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.

Findings

Prolonged blood circulation of micelles in vivo.

Effective tumor cell penetration and accumulation.

Visualized drug release via FRET signal.

Abstract

Trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT), a cell-penetrating peptide, has been extensively used for facilitating cellular uptake and nuclear targeting of drug delivery systems. However, the positively charged TAT peptide usually strongly interacts with serum components and undergoes substantial phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system, causing a short blood circulation in vivo. In this work, an acid-active tumor targeting nanoplatform DA-TAT-PECL was developed to effectively inhibit the nonspecific interactions of TAT in the bloodstream. 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) was first used to convert the TAT amines to carboxylic acid, the resulting DA-TAT was further conjugated to get DA-TAT-PECL. After self-assembly into polymeric micelles, they were capable of circulating in the physiological condition for a long time and promoting cell penetration upon accumulation at the tumor site and de-shielding the DA group. Moreover, camptothecin (CPT) was used as the anticancer drug and modified into a dimer (CPT)2-ss-Mal, in which two CPT molecules were connected by a reduction-labile maleimide thioether bond. The FRET signal between CPT and maleimide thioether bond was monitored to visualize the drug release process and effective targeted delivery of antitumor drugs was demonstrated. This pH/reduction dual-responsive micelle system provides a new platform for high fidelity cancer therapy.