Double-quantum-dot Andreev molecules: Phase diagrams and critical evaluation of effective models

TL;DR

This paper maps out the complex phase diagram of a double-quantum-dot Andreev molecule using numerical methods, revealing limitations of simplified models and emphasizing the importance of accurate modeling for experimental and device applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive phase diagram analysis of the double-quantum-dot Andreev molecule and critically evaluates the validity of common effective models.

Findings

Triplet ground state observed in phase diagram

Most effective models fail to predict the triplet state

Zero-bandwidth approximation performs better than other models

Abstract

This work systematically investigates the phase diagram of a parallel double-quantum-dot Andreev molecule, where the two quantum dots are coupled to a common superconducting lead. Using the numerical renormalization group method, we map out the evolution of the ground state across a wide parameter space of level detunings, size of the superconducting gap, lead couplings, and inter-dot coupling strength. The intricate phase diagrams feature singlet, doublet, and a relatively uncommon triplet ground states, with the latter being a distinct signature of strong lead-mediated interactions between the quantum dots. We benchmark the applicability of simplified effective models, including the atomic limit and zero-bandwidth approximations, in capturing the complex behavior of this parallel configuration. Our analysis reveals severe limitations of these models, underscoring the necessity for maximal caution when extrapolating beyond their tested validity. In particular, all effective models except for the extended version of the zero-bandwidth approximation failed in reproducing the triplet ground state and made several false predictions. These findings provide crucial insights for interpreting experimental observations and designing superconducting devices based on quantum-dot architectures.