Stochastic Thermodynamics of a Linear Optical Cavity Driven On Resonance

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive stochastic thermodynamics framework for a resonantly driven linear optical cavity, linking thermodynamic quantities, fluctuation theorems, and potential applications in energy efficiency and information processing.

Contribution

It introduces a complete thermodynamic description of a driven optical cavity, including energy, work, heat, and fluctuation relations, advancing the understanding of optical systems in stochastic thermodynamics.

Findings

Steady-state intra-cavity field follows Boltzmann distribution.

Work and heat fluctuations obey universal fluctuation theorems.

Finite time corrections to fluctuation theorems are analyzed.

Abstract

We present a complete framework of stochastic thermodynamics for a single-mode linear optical cavity driven on resonance. We first show that the steady-state intra-cavity field follows the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution. The effective temperature is given by the noise variance, and the equilibration rate is the dissipation rate. Next we derive expressions for internal energy, work, heat, and free energy of light in a cavity, and formulate the first and second laws of thermodynamics for this system. We then analyze fluctuations in work and heat, and show that they obey universal statistical relations known as fluctuation theorems. Finite time corrections to the fluctuation theorems are also discussed. Additionally, we show that work fluctuations obey the Crook's Fluctuation theorem which is a paradigm for understanding emergent phenomena and estimating free energy differences. The significance of our results is two-fold. On one hand, our work positions optical cavities as a unique platform for fundamental studies of stochastic thermodynamics. On the other hand, our work paves the way for improving the energy efficiency and information processing capabilities of laser-driven optical resonators using a thermodynamics based prescription.