Design of a LYSO Crystal Electromagnetic Calorimeter for DarkSHINE Experiment

TL;DR

This paper details the design and simulation of a LYSO crystal electromagnetic calorimeter for the DarkSHINE experiment, optimizing its structure, materials, and performance to detect dark photons effectively.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive design and simulation framework for a LYSO-based ECAL tailored for dark photon searches, including optimization of dimensions, layout, and radiation considerations.

Findings

Optimized ECAL configuration with 21x21x11 LYSO crystals.

Established a 4 GeV energy dynamic range for accurate measurements.

Simulated detector response including scintillation, SiPM, and ADC behaviors.

Abstract

This paper presents the design and optimization of a LYSO crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for the DarkSHINE experiment, which aims to search for dark photons as potential mediators of dark forces. The ECAL design was evaluated through comprehensive simulations, focusing on optimizing dimensions, material selection, energy distribution, and energy resolution. The ECAL configuration consists of 21$\times$21$\times$11 LYSO crystals, each measuring 2.5$\times$2.5$\times$4 cm$^3$, arranged in a staggered layout to improve signal detection efficiency. A 4 GeV energy dynamic range was established to ensure accurate energy measurements without saturation, which is essential for background rejection and signal identification. A detailed digitization model was developed to simulate the scintillation, SiPM, and ADC behaviors, providing a more realistic representation of detector performance. Additionally, the study assessed radiation damage in the ECAL region, highlighting the necessity of radiation-resistant scintillators and silicon sensors.