Quelle {\'e}thique pour quelle IA ?

TL;DR

This paper analyzes various ethical approaches in AI, highlighting their limitations and emphasizing the need for a pragmatic, context-based human ethics that cannot be fully formalized or automated.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of ethical theories relevant to AI and argues for the importance of human, context-sensitive ethics over formalized or automated solutions.

Findings

Current digital ethics practices are limited in addressing AI ethical issues.

Formalization and automation cannot fully capture the complexity of human ethics.

A pragmatic, context-based human ethics remains essential for AI.

Abstract

This study proposes an analysis of the different types of ethical approaches involved in the ethics of AI, and situates their interests and limits. First, the author introduces to the contemporary need for and meaning of ethics. He distinguishes it from other registers of normativities and underlines its inadequacy to formalization. He then presents a cartography of the landscape of ethical theories covered by moral philosophy, taking care to distinguish meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. In drawing up this overview, the author questions the relationship between ethics and artificial intelligence. The analysis focuses in particular on the main ethical currents that have imposed themselves in the ways of doing digital ethics and AI in our Western democracies. The author asks whether these practices of ethics, as they seem to crystallize today in a precise pattern, constitute a sufficient and sufficiently satisfactory response to our needs for ethics in AI. The study concludes with a reflection on the reasons why a human ethics of AI based on a pragmatic practice of contextual ethics remains necessary and irreducible to any formalization or automated treatment of the ethical questions that arise for humans.