Application of the Eddington inversion method to constrain the dark matter halo of galaxies using only observed surface brightness profiles

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that using the Eddington inversion method on observed surface brightness profiles alone can effectively constrain dark matter halo properties in low-mass galaxies, challenging the universality of NFW profiles.

Contribution

The paper applies the classical Eddington inversion method to low-mass galaxy photometry to assess dark matter halo profiles without kinematic data, highlighting the method's practical feasibility.

Findings

Most galaxies are inconsistent with NFW-like potentials if polytropes fit their profiles.

Allowing variable inner slopes, 40-70% of galaxies are compatible with cored profiles.

The method shows potential for constraining dark matter properties solely from photometry.

Abstract

*** Context: The halos of low-mass galaxies may allow us to constrain the nature of dark matter (DM), but the kinematic measurements to diagnose the required properties are technically extremely challenging. However, the photometry of these systems is doable. Aims. Using only stellar photometry, constrain key properties of the DM haloes in low-mass galaxies. *** Methods: Unphysical pairs of DM gravitational potentials and starlight distributions can be identified if the pair requires a distribution function f that is negative somewhere in the phase space. We use the classical Eddington inversion method (EIM) to compute f for a battery of DM gravitational potentials and around 100 observed low-mass galaxies with Mstar between 10**6 and 10**8 Msun. The battery includes NFW potentials (expected from cold DM) and potentials stemming from cored mass distributions (expected in many alternatives to cold DM). The method assumes spherical symmetry and isotropic velocity distribution and requires fitting the observed profiles with analytic functions, for which we use polytropes (with zero inner slope, a.k.a. core) and profiles with variable inner and outer slopes. The validity of all these assumptions is analyzed. *** Results: In general, the polytropes fit well the observed starlight profiles. If they were the correct fits (which could be the case) then all galaxies are inconsistent with NFW-like potentials. Alternatively, when the inner slope is allowed to vary for fitting, between 40% and 70% of the galaxies are consistent with cores in the stellar mass distribution and thus inconsistent with NFW-like potentials. *** Conclusions: Even though the stellar mass of the observed galaxies is still not low enough to constrain the nature of DM, this work shows the practical feasibility of the EIM technique to infer DM properties only from photometry.