Uncertainty-Aware Deep Neural Representations for Visual Analysis of Vector Field Data

TL;DR

This paper introduces uncertainty-aware deep neural models for visual analysis of vector fields, enhancing interpretability and robustness by integrating uncertainty estimation techniques like Deep Ensemble and Monte Carlo Dropout.

Contribution

It develops and evaluates uncertainty-aware implicit neural representations specifically for steady-state vector fields, addressing the lack of inherent uncertainty measurement in DNNs.

Findings

Uncertainty-aware models produce more informative visualizations.

Incorporating uncertainty improves model resilience and interpretability.

Deep Ensemble and Monte Carlo Dropout effectively estimate prediction uncertainty.

Abstract

The widespread use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has recently resulted in their application to challenging scientific visualization tasks. While advanced DNNs demonstrate impressive generalization abilities, understanding factors like prediction quality, confidence, robustness, and uncertainty is crucial. These insights aid application scientists in making informed decisions. However, DNNs lack inherent mechanisms to measure prediction uncertainty, prompting the creation of distinct frameworks for constructing robust uncertainty-aware models tailored to various visualization tasks. In this work, we develop uncertainty-aware implicit neural representations to model steady-state vector fields effectively. We comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of two principled deep uncertainty estimation techniques: (1) Deep Ensemble and (2) Monte Carlo Dropout, aimed at enabling uncertainty-informed visual analysis of features within steady vector field data. Our detailed exploration using several vector data sets indicate that uncertainty-aware models generate informative visualization results of vector field features. Furthermore, incorporating prediction uncertainty improves the resilience and interpretability of our DNN model, rendering it applicable for the analysis of non-trivial vector field data sets.