Koopman Analytical Modeling of Position and Attitude Dynamics: a Case Study for Quadrotor Control

TL;DR

This paper introduces an analytical Koopman Operator-based model for quadrotor dynamics that enables linear control design for nonlinear systems, improving approximation accuracy without needing angular velocity compensation.

Contribution

The work presents a model-based, analytical Koopman formulation for nonlinear quadrotor dynamics, allowing for exact linear representation and control without angular velocity dynamic compensation.

Findings

Better approximation of dynamics with compact truncation

Enables linear control strategies for nonlinear systems

Effective handling of underactuation with a single control loop

Abstract

This research presents a novel, analytical, Koopman Operator based formulation for position and attitude dynamics which can be used to derive control strategies for underactuated systems. Compared to data driven Koopman based techniques, the analytical approach presented in this work is model based and allows for an exact linear representation of the original nonlinear position and attitude dynamics. In fact, the resulting infinite dimensional model, defined in the lifted state space, is linear in the autonomous component and state dependent in the control. A boundary study is carried on to define the range of validity of the finite truncation of the Koopman based model followed by a controllability and stabilizability analysis to show the feasibility of employing the derived model for control system design. Compared to existing literature formulation, the presented model results in a better approximation of the original dyanmics using a more compact truncation of the lifted state space. Moreover, the model is derived using the Koopman approach on the entirety of the dynamics and does not require the need of angular velocity dynamic compensation. A case study involving an underactuated quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is provided to show that, for practical use, a truncated subset of the infinite dimensional model, embeds most of the original nonlinear dynamics and can be used to design linear control strategies in the lifted space which results in nonlinear controllers in the original state space. The main advantages of the presented approach reside in the effective use of linear control strategies for nonlinear plats and the solution of the underactuation problem employing a single control loop.